competition would not dare do Walończykowi The modern eminent a degree of doctor Przemek Wiaterowi ( also known by the nickname "Schneller als Wiater "), not ważyłbym argue with his work on Walonach in the realm of Spirit Mountain. This translation would be treated just as a complement to the emerging literature Italic Raiders of the historic treasures, traces of which can today be found in our wonderful mountains. A text that dare (I'll add right away: the text rather long) comes - and what else! - From "the Wanderer Riesengebirge , born 1929, 8th Issue Its author is Dr. Herbert Gruhn, editor-in-chief of "Wanderer" from 1923, and it is a kind of editorial on the note, spent Walonom.
article is entitled "Die Walen und im Riesen- Isergebirge. "
in the Alps and in the German Highlands ( středohoří, Mittelgebirge ) you can hear the amazing legends, according to which the mysterious visitors from Italy in a professional manner and tear of connoisseurship and the secret treasures of the mountains, using magic spells send them to their homeland in the south. Those italscy prospectors gold and precious stones are called by the people generally Venetians, while Smreczanach (Fichtelgebirge), Erzgebirge (Ore Mountains) and in the Giant Mountains Jizera are called Walloons (or Welsh, Celts - Welsch ). Walonach collecting stories about the Giant Mountains and the Jizera dealt with Robert Cogho [vide Cogho R.: 'Die Walen Venediger oder im Riesengebirge', 1898], prof. Dr. Richard Kuhnau ['Schlesische Sagen, Elben-, Dämonen-und Teufelsagen'] and Will-Erich Peuckert [Robert Cogho and Will-Erich Peuckert 'Volkssagen aus dem Riesen-und Iser-Gebirge' Verlag Otto Schwartz & Co. Göttingen, 1967 ].
In these legends, however, lies the historical truth, which scientists are trying to reach. As an introduction to the issue, also because of the abundance of material, replace the to three works, though only occasionally refer to our mountains: Christian Gottlieb Lehmann, "The knowledge of Walonach ... from old letters and documents which shall be taken", Frankfurt and Leipzig 1764; Heinrich Schurtza "drill in the Ore Mining and the question of Walloons" , Stuttgart, 1890; Emmy Locher "Questions about the Venetians' - philological thesis Freiburg in Switzerland, 1922
themes of the Walloon and the Giant Mountains, Jizera first took the" Wandererze "W. Klose in 1888 [Gold Riesengebirge them, "vortex" No. 7 / 1888]. In 1891-1895 and 1905 vintages subject undertook Cogho, and Regell Zacher. Posted Cogho fullest, inspired by the writings of Schurtza. So we meet our obligation to those who have contributed to a scientific function Riesengebirgsverein (Society of the Giant Mountains) and in the current issue will try to continue their work, begun in "Wandererze" and distribute them at the same time.
literate oldest trace of Walloons Giant Mountains, found in a manuscript written on parchment, located in the Municipal Library in Wrocław (number: Hs. R. 454), dating from the first half of the fifteenth century for its author believed in being replaced Wroclaw city's books from the years 1410-1433 a man named Antonius of Florence, called Walończykiem Antony, but in 1922, Karl Schneider has shown in his work "Die Walen Riesengebirge them" ("Giant Mountains Walloons") of 1922, using the criteria linguistic and factual issues that the author of this text is the German-speaking inhabitant of Silesia. Its content is drafted in the German language description of the paths leading to places of panning for gold and amethysts. Described is a way of giving the landmarks, leading from Jelenia Gora to the Piechowice listed in the document of 1366, the glassworks in Szklarska Poreba, and further in the upper part of the valley of the Kamienna river. With the points mentioned landmark: Black Mountain, White Valley, Forks [ also called Walloon Stone; southern edge of the ruins to the west from the mouth of Red Creek to Stone - editor. crowd. ] and Evening Castle, you can play around invaded by gold prospectors and precious stones. The content of this manuscript was incorporated numerous well-known in the literature under the name "Book of the Walloon Region", written in German itinerariów, arising from centuries XVI to XVIII. Mention them Schwenckfeld Caspar (1553-1509). Johannes Praetorius in published in 1667, "Gaudium Gazophylazi" reprinted a few of them certified by the de pour, damaged manuscript, which he received from Jelenia Gora Sartorius pharmacist. Bohuslaus Balbinus [ Czech Jesuit - editor. crowd.] was in possession - as mentioned in his "Miscellanea Bohemiae regni" (1679, Book I, 17) - the old, difficult-to-read booklets, containing eight pieces, the Giant Mountains. Legnica physician and mineralogist Georg Anton Volkmann, who often visited the Giant Book of the Walloon Region has seen with his own eyes "a very old paper, semi-rotten, from which I conclude that they were originals "(Silesia subterranea, 1720, p. 117). And even though the period of the Enlightenment did not treat seriously the Walloon Books, calling it" a collection of fairy tales ", requiring" many hundredweight of unshakable faith, "then the Giant Mountains Jizera and survived in the form write in a number of copies to our own time. Cogho tried this kind of write-downs, summaries of numerous books of Walloon, rent for the Museum Giant. these efforts do not always proved to be successful, because many owners do not even want to let you watch their alleged treasures, not to mention their loan. Until recently, Mr Meissner was "The Book of the Walloon" from the mid eighteenth century in the Morchenstern Wiesemühle (Smržovka). In addition, fragments of these books are - apart from the Museum of the Karkonosze Jelenia Góra - in the museum in Hohenelbe (Vrchlabí) and the city library and city archives in Wroclaw. However, their value in the context of finding an answer to the question of the Walloon is questionable, because while they are prescribing a significant influence on changes in the nature of the content was a person who copied them. The research of Karl Schneider shows that all older books Walloon Region, the Krkonoše and Jizera Mountains, which the authors pass themselves off as Italians, Germans and Middle South, were in Silesia. How to disseminate among the population - have not yet explained. Perhaps its roots back to the old books gwareckich, permits to drill the tunnel, or register books.
The Walloon important books of the roles of characters on trees and rocks, which were marked paths leading to the findings. Georg Anton Volkmann [ in Silesia subterranea, 1720 - editor. crowd.] States that in the Giant "from time to time there is a variety of signs and drawings of human faces, hands, plates, knives, pickaxes and crosses." The "unknown characters and figures, you come across former forestry workers near Rothfloßfelsen [ Red Rocks on the summit of Black Mountain - editor. crowd.]. or Mitternachts-Feueresse [ curves Towers (?) - editor. crowd.] Mosch said in a publication from 1855 "Die alten heidnischen Opferstätten Steinalterthümer und des Riesengebirges" ['The old pagan sacrificial places and monuments of rock Karkonosze']: "Currently, under a thick layer of moss little can be identified. Also in the nearby junction, as indicated by the foresters and forestry workers can be found impossible to decipher the characters carved into the rocks, among which were a knife and fork engravings. " Callers Molscha not lie. A sign on the already mentioned in the manuscript Wroclaw fork (Walloon Stone) has been preserved to this day. This block of rock with carved splayed hand is now in the Museum of Jelenia Góra, where he went through a secret adviser, Dr. Seydel, when in 1901 the fork has been partially blown up for the construction railway line. Signs were also Walloon Cogho, Regell, Loewig, and recently also Peuckert.
Already Hüttel Simon, the chronicler of the city Trautenau (Trutnov), saw the signs in the Walloon Giant Mountains, when in 1558, along with three companions searching for gold mine in Pfaffenwald: "We have found numerous tunnels, crosses and signs, and the date (year), MD2 inscribed on the bark of beech, and the next great hand engraved on spruce, pointing toward the east, there is also a sign depicting engraved hammer and a pickaxe." Suffice it seems probable relationship of these Marks miśnieńskimi miners who, in 1511, near Trutnov, "began to drill down into the rocks on Hoppenberg (Šibeniční Hill), and the tunnel has been called a gold mine." And so the Walloons emerge from the deep shade of fairy tales and stories, and begin to function as historical figures. In 1563, a wandering in the mountains of Italy. This doctor, Andreas Petrus Matthiolus of Sienna (1507 - 1577), who seeks medicinal plants. In his case the term Walończyk (Wale), used against any alien, takes the original meaning, and transfers of Italczykach appear to contain a grain of truth. In the framework of these applications for Walończykach also fits the Italian physician and alchemist, an expert in these mountains, Leonhard Thurneysser zum Thurn. He stayed in the Giant Mountains and the Jizera before 1570, and was looking there gold and precious stones, writes Dr. Boehlich. His arrangements sound like a summary of the books listed in the Walloon finds. And they are not alien to him those mysterious book, could be recognized by finding "a space in Bohemia they know better have come here from afar and the Welsh and Dutch, the Czechs than to themselves."
information contained in the books of the Walloon search and - at a time when alchemy reigned often exaggerated - finds clusters of veins of gold and precious stones in our mountains, do not seem to be only mirages. Caspar Schwenckfeld says that in his time in Aupengrund [ differently Riesengrund - Obří dul; note. crowd. ], near Weißes Wasser [Bile Labe] on the Great Pond, in Mummelgrund [Mumlava dul], nad Jizerou and in small streams in the vicinity of Jelenia Gora, washed with gold. In addition to gold Jizera are all kinds of precious stones. The Stone circle gathered around a glass factory in 1601, the reddish groats iron, because I had contain gold, but what turned out to be untrue.
October 4, 1534, a group of 17 businesses obtain for u king of Bohemia, Ferdinand the privilege of extracting and processing by the 20 "beautiful walnut sized mineral gloss in Obřím bottom. The project, however, failed. According Schwenkfeld it was a huge vein of silver ore, "which was devoted to the many efforts and a large sum of money sophisticated men, which did not cause any property, because when all the cobalt smelting devoured and destroyed. " Treasure hunters, based near Abendburg (Evening Castle) reached for the black magic and exorcism, speaking to the "mockery and derision; gone so soon," harming many people. " A similar fate befell the impostor von Waldner Greuffelstein of Pannonia. Buńczucznie argued that using the wand has found a treasure under the Evening Castle, which is probably read in the Book of Walloon. Since many citizens wheedled money with which to extract this treasure was, but that - despite all sorts of arcane spells - never occurred. Around the year 1693 "a few cheaters should consult in order to produce gold with yellow, occurring commonly in the mountains of rocks," many honest people bałamucąc. " Other manufactured with turquoise blue hornfelsu and selling their products to the common people. Savages diggers so rozplenili in the mountains, that because of complaints count Schof Gotsche Silesian Chamber of Industries has ordered an end to górmistrzowi Pardtowi ago procederowi.
Schwenckfeld mentions that found in the Jizera and meadows Izera shiny black stones, called Schierl (izeryt), regarded as the gold-bearing, "the foreign Walloons were commonly purchased." One of them was Anselmus Boetius de Boot from Bruges, gemmariusz [ jeweler - editor. crowd.] Emperor Rudolf II. The emperor sent him to the area, and their findings and discoveries described in part in the "History gemmarum et lapidum " from 1609, Rudolf II, keenly interested in precious stones, occurring in the mountains, and ordered their search for Hans Heinrich Kobrscheitowi Iserwiese [Jizera Louka, Hall Jizerská]. July 8, 1595, the Emperor gave Johann Ecksteinowi and Leonhardowi Stadlerowi right exploration of precious stones in the Giant Mountains, provided, however, that he will have right of first refusal found treasures. November 19, 1601, the privilege of the above has been renovated. In the same year, Pastor Simon Thaddeus Budessius of Teyn [Týn] (above the Troskami Rovensko, district Turnov) received permission to based on notes left by his ancestors and his father (probably the Book of the Walloon Region), begin searching for precious metals and stones in the Giant . He also received the right to be in agreement with the authorities and residents to arrest all the visitors from foreign countries, who without the permission of the Czech King gathered stones and other precious preciousness. In 1607 Rudolf II granted the same privilege as Budecciusowi, to a certain jeweler named Willibald Heffler. He was to discover in the Giant jasper quarry, which upcycle for jewelry. This gave to the emperor to his collection. Bourgeois from Leipzig, "a famous chemist and physician," Johannes Zimmermann in 1623 received the right to look in the Giant Mountains Jizera and precious stones and pearls at their own expense "to the gracious wish that in this project was to protect not only against bad people, but also - if someone would raise his hand for him or his loved ones, this villain was, after consideration of the act, severely punished physically, and you will receive in these lands a tenth of all profits "(Zeller" Trivia Jeleniogórskie ", II, 1726, p. 22).
Even in the eighteenth century, there are treasures and gold prospectors. GA Volkmann heard during a visit to Hampelbaude (Thatch Academic) that Teufelsgrund (Čertův Dul) moved to a stranger, who led the excavations, shattered rocks and bonfires burning. When the command administration Schaffgotschów decided to include this adventurer, disappeared without a trace (Silesia subterranea, p. 198). Famous in his day, Saxon Montanist [ expert on mining - editor. crowd.]. metallurgist and alchemist Johann Gottfried Jugel the Commission's visit in Giehren (Gierczyn) in the years 1746-1756 visited the alleged gold-bearing place in Seifershau (Kopaniec), where he ordered to dig gwarkom, but to no avail.
Prove you can, then, that the sixteenth century, our mountains were scoured by different physicians, alchemists, miners and free wagabundów, dowsers, shamans, goldsmiths, legitimate and illegal hunters precious stones and ores. Mysterious and clandestine activities of foreign infiltrated tales and legends. Like in a mirror image of reality, they brought real character, wearing a halo of charm and mystique. People whose appearance was not seen, whose language was difficult to understand, or with whom no one could get along, the beliefs of the people about the untold wealth of the inhabitants of the city located on the lagoon, home to goldsmiths and cutters of precious stones have become Walloons from Venice .. .
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